Volvo S80 fuel economy (UK)
Official figures for the Volvo S80 from the Vehicle Certification Agency's new car lists, 2000–2016: 173 versions after removing repeats between lists. Economy is in UK (imperial) mpg; electric versions show miles per kWh and range instead. In the most recent lists (2001–2016, NEDC) combined economy is 21.2–70.6 mpg.
All figures on this page come from the NEDC test. NEDC was the official test before WLTP. NEDC figures are noticeably more optimistic, so do not compare them with WLTP figures.
NEDC figures, VCA lists 2001–2016
NEDC was the official test before WLTP. NEDC figures are noticeably more optimistic, so do not compare them with WLTP figures.
| Version | Fuel | Combined | L/100 km | CO₂ g/km | In lists |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| S80 D4 · 6MT · 1969 cc | Diesel | 68.9 mpg | 4.1 | 140 | 2015–2016 |
| S80 D4 · 8AT · 1969 cc | Diesel | 62.8 mpg | 4.5 | 119 | 2015–2016 |
| S80 D4 · 6MT · 1969 cc | Diesel | 70.6 mpg | 4.0 | 104 | 2014–2015 |
| S80 D2 · 6AT · 1560 cc | Diesel | 68.9 mpg | 4.1 | 109 | 2015 |
| S80 D3 · 6MT · 1984 cc | Diesel | 65.7 mpg | 4.3 | 114 | 2015 |
| S80 D4 · 8AT · 1969 cc | Diesel | 65.7 mpg | 4.3 | 113 | 2014–2015 |
| S80 D4 EXECUTIVE · 8AT · 1969 cc | Diesel | 62.8 mpg | 4.5 | 117 | 2014–2015 |
| S80 D5 · 6MT · 2400 cc | Diesel | 61.4 mpg | 4.6 | 120 | 2015 |
| S80 D3 · 6AT · 1984 cc | Diesel | 57.6 mpg | 4.9 | 129 | 2015 |
| S80 D5 · 6AT · 2400 cc | Diesel | 46.3 mpg | 6.1 | 159 | 2015 |
| S80 D2 · Automatic · 1560 cc | Diesel | 68.9 mpg | 4.1 | 109 | 2013–2014 |
| S80 D3 · Manual · 1984 cc | Diesel | 65.7 mpg | 4.3 | 114 | 2013–2014 |
| S80 D5 · Manual · 2400 cc | Diesel | 61.4 mpg | 4.6 | 120 | 2013–2014 |
| S80 D3 · Automatic · 1984 cc | Diesel | 57.6 mpg | 4.9 | 129 | 2013–2014 |
| S80 D5 · Automatic · 2400 cc | Diesel | 46.3 mpg | 6.1 | 159 | 2013–2014 |
| S80 D3 Manual · Manual · 1984 cc | Diesel | 65.7 mpg | 4.3 | 114 | 2013 |
| S80 D4 · Manual · 1984 cc | Diesel | 65.7 mpg | 4.3 | 114 | 2013 |
| S80 D4 Manual · Manual · 1984 cc | Diesel | 65.7 mpg | 4.3 | 114 | 2013 |
| S80 D2 Auto · Automatic · 1560 cc | Diesel | 62.8 mpg | 4.5 | 119 | 2013 |
| S80 DRIVe Manual · Manual · 1590 cc | Diesel | 62.8 mpg | 4.5 | 119 | 2013 |
| S80 D5 Manual · Manual · 2400 cc | Diesel | 61.4 mpg | 4.6 | 120 | 2013 |
| S80 D3 Manual · Manual · 1984 cc | Diesel | 57.7 mpg | 4.9 | 129 | 2013 |
| S80 D5 Manual · Manual · 2400 cc | Diesel | 57.7 mpg | 4.9 | 129 | 2013 |
| S80 D3 Auto · Automatic · 1984 cc | Diesel | 57.6 mpg | 4.9 | 129 | 2013 |
| S80 D4 · Automatic · 1984 cc | Diesel | 57.6 mpg | 4.9 | 129 | 2013 |
| S80 D4 Auto · Automatic · 1984 cc | Diesel | 57.6 mpg | 4.9 | 129 | 2013 |
| S80 D4 Auto Executive · Automatic · 1984 cc | Diesel | 56.5 mpg | 5.0 | 132 | 2013 |
| S80 D4 EXECUTIVE · Automatic · 1984 cc | Diesel | 56.5 mpg | 5.0 | 132 | 2013 |
| S80 D3 Auto · Automatic · 1984 cc | Diesel | 50.4 mpg | 5.6 | 148 | 2013 |
| S80 D5 Auto · Automatic · 2400 cc | Diesel | 46.3 mpg | 6.1 | 159 | 2013 |
| S80 T4 Manual · Manual · 1595 cc | Petrol | 42.8 mpg | 6.6 | 152 | 2013 |
| S80 T4 Auto · Automatic · 1595 cc | Petrol | 38.2 mpg | 7.4 | 172 | 2013 |
| S80 T5 Manual · Manual · 1999 cc | Petrol | 35.8 mpg | 7.9 | 184 | 2013 |
| S80 T5 Auto · Automatic · 1999 cc | Petrol | 34.0 mpg | 8.3 | 193 | 2013 |
| S80 T6 AWD Auto · Automatic · 2953 cc | Petrol | 30.1 mpg | 9.4 | 219 | 2013 |
| S80 T6 AWD Auto · Automatic · 2953 cc | Petrol | 28.5 mpg | 9.9 | 231 | 2013 |
| S80 D3 Manual · 6MT · 1984 cc | Diesel | 65.7 mpg | 4.3 | 114 | 2012 |
| S80 D4 Manual · 6MT · 1984 cc | Diesel | 65.7 mpg | 4.3 | 114 | 2012 |
| S80 D2 Auto · 6AT · 1560 cc | Diesel | 62.8 mpg | 4.5 | 119 | 2012 |
| S80 DRIVe Manual · M6 · 1590 cc | Diesel | 62.8 mpg | 4.5 | 119 | 2011–2012 |
| S80 D5 Manual · 6MT · 2400 cc | Diesel | 61.4 mpg | 4.6 | 120 | 2012 |
| S80 D3 Manual · M6 · 1984 cc | Diesel | 57.7 mpg | 4.9 | 129 | 2011–2012 |
| S80 D5 Manual · M6 · 2400 cc | Diesel | 57.7 mpg | 4.9 | 129 | 2011–2012 |
| S80 D3 Auto · 6AT · 1984 cc | Diesel | 50.4 mpg | 5.6 | 148 | 2012 |
| S80 D3 Auto · A6 · 1984 cc | Diesel | 50.4 mpg | 5.6 | 148 | 2012 |
| S80 D4 Auto · 6AT · 1984 cc | Diesel | 50.4 mpg | 5.6 | 148 | 2012 |
| S80 D5 Auto · A6 · 2400 cc | Diesel | 46.3 mpg | 6.1 | 159 | 2011–2012 |
| S80 D5 Auto · 6AT · 2400 cc | Diesel | 46.3 mpg | 6.1 | 159 | 2012 |
| S80 T4 Manual · M6 · 1595 cc | Petrol | 42.8 mpg | 6.6 | 152 | 2011–2012 |
| S80 T4 Auto · A6 · 1595 cc | Petrol | 38.2 mpg | 7.4 | 172 | 2011–2012 |
| S80 T5 Manual · M6 · 1999 cc | Petrol | 35.8 mpg | 7.9 | 184 | 2011–2012 |
| S80 T5 Auto · A6 · 1999 cc | Petrol | 34.0 mpg | 8.3 | 193 | 2011–2012 |
| S80 T6 AWD Auto · A6 · 2953 cc | Petrol | 30.1 mpg | 9.4 | 219 | 2011–2012 |
| S80 T6 AWD Auto · 6AT · 2953 cc | Petrol | 28.5 mpg | 9.9 | 231 | 2012 |
| S80 D3 Manual · M6 · 1984 cc | Diesel | 53.5 mpg | 5.3 | 139 | 2011 |
| S80 D5 Manual · M6 · 2400 cc | Diesel | 53.3 mpg | 5.3 | 139 | 2011 |
| S80 D3 Auto · A6 · 1984 cc | Diesel | 47.9 mpg | 5.9 | 154 | 2011 |
| S80 D3 Auto · A6 · 1984 cc | Diesel | 47.1 mpg | 6.0 | 158 | 2011 |
| S80 D5 Auto · A6 · 2400 cc | Diesel | 44.8 mpg | 6.3 | 166 | 2011 |
| S80 T4 · M6 · 1595 cc | Petrol | 40.9 mpg | 6.9 | 159 | 2011 |
| S80 T4 Auto · A6 · 1595 cc | Petrol | 37.7 mpg | 7.5 | 175 | 2011 |
| S80 T5 · M6 · 1999 cc | Petrol | 35.8 mpg | 7.9 | 184 | 2011 |
| S80 T6 AWD · A6 · 2953 cc | Petrol | 28.5 mpg | 9.9 | 231 | 2011 |
| S80 V8 AWD Auto · A6 · 4414 cc | Petrol | 23.3 mpg | 12.1 | 284 | 2011 |
| S80 1.6D DRIVe (from wk1009) · M5 · 1560 cc | Diesel | 62.8 mpg | 4.5 | 119 | 2010 |
| S80 1.6D DRIVe · M5 · 1560 cc | Diesel | 57.6 mpg | 4.9 | 129 | 2010 |
| S80 2.0D · M6 · 1997 cc | Diesel | 49.6 mpg | 5.7 | 151 | 2008–2010 |
| S80 2.4D · M6 · 2400 cc | Diesel | 47.9 mpg | 5.9 | 155 | 2010 |
| S80 D5 · M6 · 2400 cc | Diesel | 45.6 mpg | 6.2 | 164 | 2010 |
| S80 2.4D Geartronic · A6 · 2400 cc | Diesel | 42.8 mpg | 6.6 | 174 | 2010 |
| S80 D5 Geartronic · A6 · 2400 cc | Diesel | 42.2 mpg | 6.7 | 178 | 2010 |
| S80 2.0F Flexifuel · M5 · 1999 cc | Petrol | 34.0 mpg | 8.3 | 199 | 2009–2010 |
| S80 2.5FT Flexifuel · M6 · 2521 cc | Petrol | 32.8 mpg | 8.6 | 206 | 2010 |
| S80 2.5T · M6 · 2521 cc | Petrol | 32.8 mpg | 8.6 | 206 | 2010 |
| S80 2.5FT Flexifuel · A6 · 2521 cc | Petrol | 29.4 mpg | 9.6 | 229 | 2010 |
| S80 2.5T Geartronic · A6 · 2521 cc | Petrol | 29.4 mpg | 9.6 | 229 | 2010 |
| S80 V8 Geartronic AWD · A6 · 4414 cc | Petrol | 23.3 mpg | 12.1 | 284 | 2010 |
| S80 2.4D · M6 · 2400 cc | Diesel | 44.1 mpg | 6.4 | 169 | 2009 |
| S80 D5 · M6 · 2400 cc | Diesel | 44.1 mpg | 6.4 | 169 | 2006–2009 |
| S80 2.4D Geartronic · A6 · 2400 cc | Diesel | 38.7 mpg | 7.3 | 194 | 2009 |
| S80 D5 Geartronic · A6 · 2400 cc | Diesel | 38.7 mpg | 7.3 | 194 | 2009 |
| S80 2 · M5 · 1999 cc | Petrol | 34.0 mpg | 8.3 | 199 | 2008–2009 |
| S80 2.5FT Flexifuel · M6 · 2521 cc | Petrol | 30.7 mpg | 9.2 | 219 | 2009 |
| S80 2.5T · M6 · 2521 cc | Petrol | 30.4 mpg | 9.3 | 223 | 2008–2009 |
| S80 2.5FT Flexifuel · A6 · 2521 cc | Petrol | 28.0 mpg | 10.1 | 241 | 2009 |
| S80 2.5T Geartronic · A6 · 2521 cc | Petrol | 27.7 mpg | 10.2 | 244 | 2008–2009 |
| S80 3.2 Geartronic · A6 · 3192 cc | Petrol | 27.4 mpg | 10.3 | 246 | 2008–2009 |
| S80 V8 Geartronic AWD · A6 · 4414 cc | Petrol | 23.7 mpg | 11.9 | 284 | 2008–2009 |
| S80 3.2 Geartronic Executive & Sport · A6 · 3192 cc | Petrol | 23.3 mpg | 12.1 | 289 | 2009 |
| S80 2.4D · M6 · 2400 cc | Diesel | 44.8 mpg | 6.3 | 167 | 2007–2008 |
| S80 D5 AWD · M6 · 2400 cc | Diesel | 40.9 mpg | 6.9 | 182 | 2008 |
| S80 2.4D Geartronic · A6 · 2400 cc | Diesel | 39.2 mpg | 7.2 | 189 | 2007–2008 |
| S80 D5 Geartronic · A6 · 2400 cc | Diesel | 38.7 mpg | 7.3 | 193 | 2007–2008 |
| S80 D5 Geartronic AWD · A6 · 2400 cc | Diesel | 36.2 mpg | 7.8 | 206 | 2008 |
| S80 2.0F · M5 · 1999 cc | Petrol | 34.0 mpg | 8.3 | 199 | 2008 |
| S80 3.2 Geartronic AWD · A6 · 3192 cc | Petrol | 26.4 mpg | 10.7 | 255 | 2007–2008 |
| S80 3.2 Geartronic AWD Executive · A6 · 3192 cc | Petrol | 25.9 mpg | 10.9 | 259 | 2008 |
| S80 2.5 T · M6 · 2521 cc | Petrol | 30.4 mpg | 9.3 | 223 | 2007 |
| S80 3.2 Geartronic · A6 · 3192 cc | Petrol | 28.8 mpg | 9.8 | 234 | 2007 |
| S80 2.5 T Geartronic · A6 · 2521 cc | Petrol | 27.7 mpg | 10.2 | 244 | 2007 |
| S80 V8 Geartronic · A6 · 4414 cc | Petrol | 23.7 mpg | 11.9 | 284 | 2007 |
| S80 D5 · A6 · 2400 cc | Diesel | 38.7 mpg | 7.3 | 193 | 2006 |
| S80 2.4 (140 bhp) · M5 · 2435 cc | Petrol | 31.7 mpg | 8.9 | 212 | 2005–2006 |
| S80 2.0 T · M5 · 1984 cc | Petrol | 31.4 mpg | 9.0 | 214 | 2005–2006 |
| S80 2.4 (170 bhp) · M5 · 2435 cc | Petrol | 31.4 mpg | 9.0 | 214 | 2005–2006 |
| S80 2.5 T · M5 · 2521 cc | Petrol | 30.7 mpg | 9.2 | 219 | 2005–2006 |
| S80 2.5T · M6 · 2521 cc | Petrol | 30.7 mpg | 9.2 | 219 | 2006 |
| S80 2.4 (140 bhp) · A5 · 2435 cc | Petrol | 29.4 mpg | 9.6 | 229 | 2002–2006 |
| S80 2.4 (170 bhp) · A5 · 2435 cc | Petrol | 29.1 mpg | 9.7 | 232 | 2005–2006 |
| S80 2.0 T · A5 · 1984 cc | Petrol | 28.8 mpg | 9.8 | 234 | 2005–2006 |
| S80 2.5T · A6 · 2521 cc | Petrol | 28.5 mpg | 9.9 | 236 | 2006 |
| S80 2.5 T · A5 · 2521 cc | Petrol | 28.2 mpg | 10.0 | 239 | 2005–2006 |
| S80 T6 (Geartronic) · A5 · 2922 cc | Petrol | 25.4 mpg | 11.1 | 268 | 2005–2006 |
| S80 T6 Executive (Geartronic) · A5 · 2922 cc | Petrol | 25.4 mpg | 11.1 | 268 | 2005–2006 |
| S80 V8 · A6 · 4414 cc | Petrol | 23.0 mpg | 12.3 | 293 | 2006 |
| S80 Bi-Fuel 2.4 Bi-Fuel CNG · M5 · 2435 cc | CNG | 30.7 mpg | 9.2 | 164 | 2005 |
| S80 Bi-Fuel 2.4 Bi-Fuel CNG · A5 · 2435 cc | CNG | 27.4 mpg | 10.3 | 184 | 2005 |
| S80 D5 (163 bhp) · M5 · 2401 cc | Diesel | 43.5 mpg | 6.5 | 172 | 2002–2005 |
| S80 D5 (163 bhp) · A5 · 2401 cc | Diesel | 36.7 mpg | 7.7 | 204 | 2005 |
| S80 D5 Executive · A5 · 2401 cc | Diesel | 36.7 mpg | 7.7 | 204 | 2005 |
| S80 Bi-Fuel 2.4 Bi-Fuel LPG · M5 · 2435 cc | LPG | 24.8 mpg | 11.4 | 184 | 2005 |
| S80 Bi-Fuel 2.4 Bi-Fuel LPG · A5 · 2435 cc | LPG | 21.2 mpg | 13.3 | 215 | 2005 |
| S80 Bi-Fuel 2.4 Bi-Fuel LPG · M5 · 2435 cc | Petrol | 32.1 mpg | 8.8 | 211 | 2005 |
| S80 Bi-Fuel 2.4 Bi-Fuel CNG · M5 · 2435 cc | Petrol | 30.7 mpg | 9.2 | 220 | 2005 |
| S80 Bi-Fuel 2.4 Bi-Fuel CNG · A5 · 2435 cc | Petrol | 28.5 mpg | 9.9 | 242 | 2005 |
| S80 Bi-Fuel 2.4 Bi-Fuel LPG · A5 · 2435 cc | Petrol | 28.2 mpg | 10.0 | 240 | 2005 |
| S80 2.9 (Geartronic) · A5 · 2922 cc | Petrol | 26.6 mpg | 10.6 | 255 | 2005 |
| S80 2.9 Executive (Geartronic) · A5 · 2922 cc | Petrol | 26.6 mpg | 10.6 | 255 | 2005 |
| S80 2.4 Bi-Fuel · M5 · 2435 cc | CNG | 30.7 mpg | 9.2 | 164 | 2002–2004 |
| S80 2.4 Bi-Fuel · A4 · 2435 cc | CNG | 26.9 mpg | 10.5 | 187 | 2002–2004 |
| S80 2.4 Bi-Fuel · A5 · 2435 cc | CNG | 26.9 mpg | 10.5 | 187 | 2003–2004 |
| S80 D5 (163 bhp) · A5 · 2401 cc | Diesel | 36.2 mpg | 7.8 | 207 | 2002–2004 |
| S80 2.4 Bi-Fuel · M5 · 2435 cc | LPG | 24.4 mpg | 11.6 | 187 | 2002–2004 |
| S80 2.4 Bi-Fuel · A5 · 2435 cc | LPG | 21.2 mpg | 13.3 | 215 | 2002–2004 |
| S80 2.4 (140 bhp) · M5 · 2435 cc | Petrol | 31.7 mpg | 8.9 | 211 | 2002–2004 |
| S80 2.4 Bi-Fuel · M5 · 2435 cc | Petrol | 31.7 mpg | 8.9 | 213 | 2002–2004 |
| S80 2.4 (140 bhp) · M5 · 2435 cc | Petrol | 31.4 mpg | 9.0 | 215 | 2004 |
| S80 2.4 (170 bhp) · M5 · 2435 cc | Petrol | 31.4 mpg | 9.0 | 215 | 2002–2004 |
| S80 2.4 (170 bhp) · M5 · 2435 cc | Petrol | 31.0 mpg | 9.1 | 217 | 2004 |
| S80 2.4 Bi-Fuel · M5 · 2435 cc | Petrol | 30.7 mpg | 9.2 | 220 | 2003–2004 |
| S80 2.4T · M5 · 2435 cc | Petrol | 30.4 mpg | 9.3 | 222 | 2004 |
| S80 2.5T · M5 · 2521 cc | Petrol | 30.4 mpg | 9.3 | 222 | 2003–2004 |
| S80 2.0T · M5 · 1984 cc | Petrol | 30.1 mpg | 9.4 | 223 | 2003–2004 |
| S80 2.4 (140 bhp) · A5 · 2435 cc | Petrol | 29.1 mpg | 9.7 | 232 | 2004 |
| S80 2.4 (170 bhp) · A5 · 2435 cc | Petrol | 29.1 mpg | 9.7 | 231 | 2002–2004 |
| S80 2.4 (170 bhp) · A5 · 2435 cc | Petrol | 28.8 mpg | 9.8 | 235 | 2004 |
| S80 2.4 Bi-Fuel · A5 · 2435 cc | Petrol | 28.2 mpg | 10.0 | 240 | 2002–2004 |
| S80 2.5T · A5 · 2521 cc | Petrol | 28.2 mpg | 10.0 | 239 | 2003–2004 |
| S80 2.4 Bi-Fuel · A4 · 2435 cc | Petrol | 28.0 mpg | 10.1 | 246 | 2002–2004 |
| S80 2.4 Bi-Fuel · A5 · 2435 cc | Petrol | 28.0 mpg | 10.1 | 246 | 2003–2004 |
| S80 2.4T · A5 · 2435 cc | Petrol | 27.7 mpg | 10.2 | 242 | 2004 |
| S80 2.0T · A5 · 1984 cc | Petrol | 27.2 mpg | 10.4 | 246 | 2003–2004 |
| S80 2.9 · A4 · 2922 cc | Petrol | 26.2 mpg | 10.8 | 259 | 2002–2004 |
| S80 2.9 (Geartronic) · A4 · 2922 cc | Petrol | 26.2 mpg | 10.8 | 259 | 2003–2004 |
| S80 2.9 (Geartronic) · A4 · 2922 cc | Petrol | 25.9 mpg | 10.9 | 259 | 2003–2004 |
| S80 T6 · A4 · 2922 cc | Petrol | 25.0 mpg | 11.3 | 272 | 2002–2004 |
| S80 T6 (Geartronic) · A4 · 2922 cc | Petrol | 25.0 mpg | 11.3 | 272 | 2003–2004 |
| S80 2.4 (140bhp) · M5 · 2435 cc | Petrol | 31.4 mpg | 9.0 | 215 | 2003 |
| S80 2.4 (170bhp) · M5 · 2435 cc | Petrol | 31.0 mpg | 9.1 | 217 | 2003 |
| S80 2.4 T · M5 · 2435 cc | Petrol | 30.4 mpg | 9.3 | 222 | 2002–2003 |
| S80 2.4 (140bhp) · A5 · 2435 cc | Petrol | 29.1 mpg | 9.7 | 232 | 2003 |
| S80 2.4 (170bhp) · A5 · 2435 cc | Petrol | 28.8 mpg | 9.8 | 235 | 2003 |
| S80 2.4 T · A5 · 2435 cc | Petrol | 27.7 mpg | 10.2 | 242 | 2002–2003 |
| S80 D5 (163 bhp) · M5 · 2401 cc | Diesel | 46.3 mpg | 6.1 | 161 | 2001–2002 |
| S80 2.4 (140 bhp) · M5 · 2435 cc | Petrol | 32.8 mpg | 8.6 | 205 | 2000–2002 |
| S80 2.4 (170 bhp) · M5 · 2435 cc | Petrol | 32.1 mpg | 8.8 | 210 | 2000–2002 |
| S80 2.4 (140 bhp) · A5 · 2435 cc | Petrol | 30.4 mpg | 9.3 | 222 | 2000–2002 |
| S80 2.4 (170 bhp) · A5 · 2435 cc | Petrol | 30.1 mpg | 9.4 | 224 | 2000–2002 |
| S80 2.9 · M5 · 2922 cc | Petrol | 27.7 mpg | 10.2 | 246 | 2000–2002 |
| S80 2.9 · A4 · 2922 cc | Petrol | 27.2 mpg | 10.4 | 251 | 2000–2002 |
| S80 T6 with Geartronic · A4 · 2783 cc | Petrol | 25.0 mpg | 11.3 | 270 | 2000–2002 |
| S80 2.5 D · M5 · 2461 cc | Diesel | 44.1 mpg | 6.4 | 169 | 2000–2001 |
| S80 2.5 D · A4 · 2461 cc | Diesel | 38.2 mpg | 7.4 | 196 | 2000–2001 |
Using these figures
"In lists" shows which yearly VCA lists include the version; it is not the model year. Manufacturers supply figures to the VCA voluntarily, so some makes are missing from some years' lists (for example several large brands between 2019 and 2024); a gap in the years does not mean the car was not sold. Click an mpg figure to open the trip fuel cost calculator with it in UK units, or convert it with the fuel economy converter. Real-world economy is usually lower than official figures — measure yours with the MPG calculator.
Tyre and wheel sizes for this model: Volvo S80 tyre sizes.
Source: Vehicle Certification Agency (VCA), Car Fuel Data — official data download (lists 2000–2016, downloaded 2026-10-22). © Crown copyright, reused under the licence published for this dataset on data.gov.uk (Creative Commons Attribution). Data processed by us (duplicates merged, model names tidied); the VCA is not responsible for our use of it. The VCA states that figures are supplied by manufacturers, may not be achieved in real-world driving, and are used at the user's own risk.